Sep 3, 2015

Make your Computer Welcome You Sound

Step1- Open Notepad and copy & paste this code

Dim speaks, speech

speaks="Welcome to your PC, Username" (username like as Anand)

Set speech=CreateObject("sapi.spvoice")

speech.Speak speaks

Step 2- Save this file to .vbs format (like as Anand.vbs).

Step3- Copy this file and paste Startup folder (click start-All Programs- Startup- Open-Paste).

Step4-Restart Computer and Enjoy.

For Better Result

Go To Control Panel and click Sound & Audio Device and Click Sound tab

Select No Sound for Sound Scheme Option and Save.

TYPE AND LISTEN COMPUTER VOICE

Step1- Open Notepad

Step2- Type the text or copy & paste

Dim Message, Speak

Message=InputBox("Enter text","Speak")

Set Speak=CreateObject("sapi.spvoice")

Speak.Speak Message

Step3- Click on File Menu, Save As, select All Types in Save as Type option, and save the file as Speak.vbs or "*.vbs".

Step 4-. Double click on the saved file, a window will open like the one in the image. Enter some text in enter text column and click OK.

Now your Computer will speak / talk what you typed in .
Enjoy

NETWORKING COMPONENT

NETWORKING COMPONENT

1-DSL Modem: A digital subscriber line (DSL) modem is a device used to connect a computer or router to a telephone line which provides the digital subscriber line service for connectivity to the Internet.

2-Broadband Router : A Broadband Router combines the features of a traditional network switch, network firewall and a DHCP server. Broadband routers are designed for convenience in setting up home networks, particularly for homes with high-speed Internet service. Besides easier sharing of a home Internet connection, broadband routers also enable sharing of files, printers and other resources among home computers.

3-Network Interface Card: Network interface cards , commonly referred to as NICs, and are used to connect a PC to a network. The NIC provides a physical connection between the networking cable and the computer's internal bus.

4-Hubs/Repeaters:Hubs/repeaters are used to connect together two or more Ethernet segments of any media type. In larger designs, signal quality begins to deteriorate as segments exceed their maximum length. Hubs provide the signal amplification required to allow a segment to be extended a greater distance. A hub takes any incoming signal

and repeats it out all ports.

5-Bridges:The function of a bridge is to connect separate networks together. Bridges connect different networks types or networks of the same type. Bridges map the Ethernet addresses of the nodes residing on each network segment and allow only necessary traffic to pass through the bridge. When a packet is received by the bridge, the bridge determines the destination and source segments. If the segments are the same, the packet is dropped ("filtered"); if the segments are different, then the packet is "forwarded" to the correct segment. Additionally, bridges do not forward bad or misaligned packets.

6-Routers: Routers filter out network traffic by specific protocol rather than by packet address. Routers also divide networks logically instead of physically. An IP router can divide a network into various subnets so that only traffic destined for particular IP addresses can pass between segments.

Jan 14, 2015

SERVER RAM

ECC Registered Server RAM-

Server memory is generally ECC Registered (buffered). There are extra chips on the module that provide error correction and data checking functions. It is easy to spot ECC Registered Server RAM by looking at the chips on the module.

While desktop memory usually has eight chips per side, server memory has 9 large or 18 half-size chips per side, plus two or three smaller "register" chips. The 9th (and 18th) DRAM chips provide the error

correction function, and the additional "register" chips hold the data for one clock cycle (ie act as "buffers") to increase the reliability of high-speed data access.

Unless your machine specifically supports ECC Registered memory your machine will not function correctly and may not even boot with this type of memory installed.

ECC Unbuffered RAM

Many workstation computers and some servers use ECC unbuffered RAM. ECC unbuffered RAM looks similar to standard desktop memory, but instead of 8 chips per side it has 9 chips per side. The 9th chip handles the error correction function in machines that support ECC memory.

It can be confusing because server RAM is often referred to as simply "ECC RAM", but ECC unbuffered is not the same as ECC registered. If your machine uses DDR2, DDR, or SDRAM and requires ECC unbuffered memory, in most cases ECC registered is not compatible. Server motherboards that use DDR3 memory can often use either ECC unbuffered or ECC registered, however you cannot use both types in the same machine at the same time.

To be absolutely certain what memory type you are running, look at the memory currently installed in your machine and check your product manual.

ECC Fully Buffered Server RAM

FB-DIMMs (aka fully buffered) are a type of ECC RAM which use an Advanced Memory Buffer (AMB) between the memory controller and the memory module. The notch on FB DIMM memory is offset to prevent these modules from being installed in systems which use standard DDR2 RAM. Future development of this memory type is uncertain. We do not carry FB-DIMMs at GeeK NoiZe because there are no benchtop memory testers available which can test this type of module.

COMPUTER MEMORY TYPE

Desktop RAM

Desktop personal computers require Non-ECC Unbuffered RAM. There can be exceptions, so use the information below to determine what memory type your machine is currently running.

Non-ECC unbuffered memory usually has 8 chips per side and can be single sided or double sided. Low density dual channel desktop RAM commonly has 8 chips on both sides.

Please note that server RAM does not work in most desktop computers. Server RAM is ECC Registered, and desktop RAM usually needs to be Non-ECC and Non-Registered (unbuffered).

Desktop SDRAM - 168 pins, 2 notches at the bottom (PC100 or PC133)

Desktop DDR - 184 pins, 1 notch at the bottom (PC2100, PC2700 or PC3200).

Desktop DDR2 - 240 pins, 1 notch at the bottom.

(Note-The notch in DDR2 RAM is in a slightly different location to prevent it from being installed in machines that require DDR RAM. DDR2 is not backwards compatible with DDR1.)

Desktop DDR-3 - 240 pins, 1 notch at the bottom.

(Note-The notch in DDR3 RAM is in a different location to prevent it from being installed in machines that require DDR or DDR2 RAM. DDR3 is not backwards compatible with DDR2.)

Laptop RAM

Laptop computers require Non-ECC Unbuffered SODIMMs. The module size is physically about half as long as desktop memory.

Laptop SDRAM - 144 pins (PC100 or PC133).

Laptop DDR (DDR1) - 200 pins (PC2100, PC2700 or PC3200).

Laptop DDR2 - 200 pins

(Note-The notch is in a slightly different position to prevent DDR2 RAM from being installed in DDR1 laptops. DDR2 is not backwards compatible with DDR1.)

Laptop DDR3 - 204 pins
(Note-DDR3 is not backwards compatible with DDR2 or DDR1.)

NOTE--A RAM Timeline

1997 (SDRAM) PC66 SDRAM 66MHz
1999 (RDRAM) RDRAM 800MHz
2000 (DDR-SDRAM) DDR SDRAM 266MHz
2004 (DDR2-SDRAM) DDR2 SDRAM 533MHz
2007 (DDR3-SDRAM) DDR3 SDRAM 1066 - 1333MHz

Different between Server RAM and Desktop RAM

The memory in a server is expected to be fast, and is called ECC memory. ECC stands for error correcting code memory. This memory system tests and corrects any errors in memory without the processor or user being aware of it. The error correcting code generates a checksum when data is loaded in memory, and when it unloads, the checksum is recomputed and if an error is detected it is automatically corrected. This ensures that the data passed in the server is correct.

All desktop, laptops, and tower computers use different types of memory classed on their speed and structure. They are known as SDR, DDR, DDR2, etc, and as the personal computer world has seen the personal computers getting faster and faster, the memory speeds have also been enhanced over time.

If you put a high-speed memory in a slow speed processor machine, it will probably burn out and the same rule applies vice versa. The memory speed and the processor speed have to be synchronized to work properly.

In desktop computers, you may have had incidents of a memory chip getting defective, or the computer gives a memory-addressing fault. This never happens in a server machine. Server machines are supposed to be zero-fault tolerance machines. The applications that are supposed to perform cannot afford any downtime.

High-end servers have a very robust architecture, as they are used to perform very specific jobs. Therefore, they are built such that the possibility of a fault occurring is minimized. In case, a fault does occur, the machine will not crash or the application will not stop. Therefore, a proper server machine does have different memory from a non-server machine. Very few people are aware of this, as the environments in which they work don't use high-end servers.

NOTE- ECC (which stands for Error Correction Code) RAM is very popular in servers or other systems with high-value data as it protects against data corruption by automatically detecting and correcting memory errors. Standard RAM uses banks of eight memory chips in which data is stored and provided to the CPU on demand. ECC RAM is different as it has an additional memory chip which acts as both error detection and correction for the other eight RAM chips.

Sep 30, 2014

DIFFERENT BETWEEN USB 1.0 USB 2.0 AND USB 3.0

USB 1.0: Released in January 1996.
Specified data rates of 1.5 megabit/s (Low-Speed) and 12 megabyte/s (Full-Speed). Did not anticipate or pass-through monitors. Few such devices actually made it to market.
USB 1.1: Released in September 1998.
Fixed problems identified in 1.0, mostly relating to hubs. Earliest revision to be widely adopted.
USB 2.0: Released in April 2000.
Added higher maximum speed of 480 Megabit/s(60 MBPS) (now called Hi-Speed). Further modifications to the USB specification have been done via Engineering Change Notices (ECN).
USB 3.0 is the third major version of the Universal Serial Bus (USB) standard for computer connectivity. Among other improvements, USB 3.0 adds a new transfer mode called "SuperSpeed" (SS), capable of transferring data at up to 5 Gbit/s (625 MB/s), which is more than ten times as fast as the 480 Mbit/s (60 MB/s) high speed of USB 2.0. Beside different connectors used on USB 3.0 cables, they are also distinguishable from their 2.0 counterparts by either the blue color of the ports or the SS initials on the plugs.

USB 3.1-

A successor standard named USB 3.1 was released in July 2013, providing transfer rates up to 10 Gbit/s (1.25 GB/s, called "Super Speed+"), which effectively put it on par with the first version of Thunderbolt.

USB 2.0

[NOTE- 1 MEGABIT= 1000000 BITS=1000 KILO BITS]

G 2G 3G AND 4G MOBILE NETWORK

G in 2G, 3G and 4G stands for the “Generation” of the mobile network. Today, mobile operators have started offering 4G services in the country. A higher number before the ‘G’ means more power to send out and receive more information and therefore the ability to achieve a higher efficiency through the wireless network.
1^st GENERATION- G-Generation was the first generation of mobile networks. Here basically, radio signals were transmitted in ‘Analogue’ form and expectedly, one was not able to do much other than sending text messaging and making calls. But the biggest disadvantage, however came in the form of limited network availability, as in the network was available only within the country.
2^nd GENERATION- Second Generation (2G) technology was launched in the year 1991 in Finland. It is based on the technology known as global system for mobile communication or in short we can say GSM. This technology enabled various networks to provide services like text messages, picture messages and MMS. In this technology all text messages are digitally encrypted due to which only the intended receiver receives message. These digital signals consume less battery power, so it helps in saving the battery of mobiles.
The technologies used in 2G are either TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) which divides signal into different time slots or CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) which allocates a special code to each user so as to communicate over a multiplex physical channel. 2G networks on the other hand, were based on narrow band digital networks. Signals were transmitted in the digital format and this dramatically improved the quality of calls and also reduced the complexity of data transmission. The other advantage of the 2G network came in the form of Semi Global Roaming System, which enabled the connectivity all over the world.

3^rd GENERATION- 3^rdGenerations of mobile networks has become popular largely thanks to the ability of users to access the Internet over devices like mobiles and tablets. The speed of data transmission on a 3G network ranges between 384KBPS to 2MBPS. This means a 3G network actually allows for more data transmission and therefore the network enables voice and video calling, file transmission, internet surfing, online TV, view high definition videos, play games and much more. 3G is the best option for users who need to always stay connected to Internet.
3G technology generally refers to the standard of accessibility and speed of mobile devices. It was first used in Japan in the year 2001. The standards of the technology were set by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). This technology enables use of various services like GPS (Global Positioning System), mobile television and video conferencing. It not only enables them to be used worldwide, but also provides with better bandwidth and increased speed.
4^th GENERATION- 4^th Generation mobile networks are believed to provide many value added features. In addition to all the 3G facilities, data transmission is believed to go through the roof with speeds ranging between 100MBPs to 1GBPS. Phew! Happy talking, surfing, conferencing, chatting, networking, partying, or whatever you want to do on your mobile phone.

Difference between 2G and 3G Technology

Cost: The license fee to be paid for 3G network is much higher as compared to 2G networks. The network construction and maintenance of 3G is much costlier than 2G networks. Also from the customers point of view the expenditure for 3G network will be excessively high if they make use of the various applications of 3G.
Data Transmission: The main difference between 2G and 3G networks is seen by the mobile users who download data and browse the Internet on the mobile phones. They find much faster download speeds, faster access to the data and applications in 3G networks as compared to 2G networks. 2G networks are less compatible with the functions of smart phone. The speed of data transmission in 2G network is less than 50,000 bits per sec while in 3G it can be more than 4 million bits per sec.
Function: The main function of 2G technology is the transmission of information via voice signals while that of 3G technologies is data transfer via video conferencing, MMS etc.
Features: The features like mobile TV, video transfers and GPS systems are the additional features of 3G technology that are not available with 2G technologies. Frequencies: 2G technology uses a broad range of frequencies in both upper and lower bands, under which the transmission depends on conditions such as weather. A drawback of 3G is that it is simply not available in certain regions.
Implication: 3G technology offers a high level of security as compared to 2G technology because 3G networks permit validation measures when communicating with other devices.
Making Calls: Calls can be made easily on both 2G and 3G networks with no real noticeable differences except that in 3G network video calls can also be made. The transmission of text messages and photos is available in both the networks but 2G networks have data limit and the speed of the data transmission is also very slow as compared to 3G.
Speed: The downloading and uploading speeds available in 2G technologies are up to 236 Kbps. While in 3G technology the downloading and uploading speeds are up to 21 Mbps and 5.7 Mbps respectively.